What can I do to speed up Timeline editing operations: zoom and movement?

Proxy Editing is one way to go (a feature in the next version of Shotcut - v20-06). See

https://forum.shotcut.org/t/v20-06-beta-2-is-available/18760/78

Preview scaling is also an option. See:

Also, seeking can be better if you convert your video to edit-friendly beforehand. Look at Convert → Edit-Friendly in “Properties”