Now, in Ubuntu 24.04, I run in the exact same problem. That is, SDL tells me that PulseAudio is not working and as a side effect the display does not get created.
I am wondering if there is a solution that people use to make it all work in Ubuntu 24.04. I’ve re-installed 24.04 from scratch, but my /home folder is the same so there could be something in my settings that make the old PuseAudio look like it should be selected when now the OS provides the new audio system: PipeWire.
I’ve done some extensive searches and so far I’ve not found anything that made a difference so I still cannot use shotcut.
I have Ubuntu 24.04 in a VM and have not run into a problem, but I only generally test my builds (i.e. see our Download page; i.e. not a distro package).
Shotcut uses SDL2; so, ensure you have that package installed and not only the very new SDL3.
Then, inside Shotcut you must check Settings > Player > Audio API.
Recent versions of SDL2 works with all of the Linux audio APIs listed in that sub-menu. Moreover, PipeWire is API compatible with PulseAudio, and that is known to work in Shotcut. So, really, it should be very compatible and easy to get working.