Force Shotcut to use Frame Number rather than Timecode?

Shotcut and MLT does not support variable frame rate.

You should declare the frame rate in your MLT XML using , then MLT can reliably convert all frame counts. Otherwise, it might be interpreting them at the current Shotcut project frame rate or Settings > Video Mode.

On XML input, it already should, but again, perhaps only when you include <profile>.
For output XML, I have no plans to offer that choice.