Best workflow for managing large editing projects in Shotcut?

Depends on how large, Shotcut starts becoming laggy if you reach hundreds of clips in the timeline with hundreds of filters on them.

So you can either do the basic editing/trimming first, then export an intermediate and then add your filters there.
Or, more straightforward, split the project into smaller 15 mins clips then merge them together at the end (either with ffmpeg, or by loading mlt in mlt to export them all in one go).

I’ve personally tried both of these and with my style of editing I can go for 30-40mins projects in one go before it starts to be visibly laggy. Also if I am careful not to use undo (see this discussion) I can actually go even longer - but I am saving very often (TIP: use the Backup and save action) to make sure I have a backup in case something goes wrong.